Transformer- Defination, Types, working principle, Aapplications
An electrical transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. It consists of two coils of wire, known as the primary and secondary coils, which are wrapped around a common magnetic core.
Types of Transformers:
1. Step-up Transformer: Increases voltage from primary to secondary.
2. Step-down Transformer: Decreases voltage from primary to secondary.
3. Isolation Transformer: Provides electrical isolation between primary and secondary.
4. Auto-transformer: Combines primary and secondary coils.
5. Three-phase Transformer: Handles three-phase power systems.
6. Power Transformer: Used for high-voltage transmission.
7. Distribution Transformer: Used for low-voltage distribution.
How Transformers Work:
1. Electromagnetic Induction: When an alternating current (AC) flows through the primary coil, it generates a magnetic field.
2. Magnetic Core: The magnetic core amplifies and directs the magnetic field to the secondary coil.
3. Induced Voltage: The changing magnetic field induces a voltage in the secondary coil.
4. Voltage Transformation: The voltage induced in the secondary coil is proportional to the turns ratio of the primary and secondary coils.
5. Energy Transfer: The transformer transfers energy from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit without physical contact.
Key Components:
1. Primary Coil: Receives input voltage.
2. Secondary Coil: Delivers output voltage.
3. Magnetic Core: Amplifies and directs the magnetic field.
4. Windings: Coils of wire wrapped around the magnetic core.
5. Terminals: Connectors for input and output.
Transformer Applications:
1. Power Distribution: Transmission and distribution of electrical power.
2. Electronic Devices: Used in various electronic devices, such as power supplies and audio equipment.
3. Industrial Applications: Used in industrial control systems, motor drives, and lighting systems.
